![]() Last month, Toyota announced it has a new electric car strategy. The fact that it comes from Toyota, a company we have been lambasting for years because of its refusal to take electric cars seriously, makes this news all the more surprising. Yet if the news today from Toyota is true - emphasis on if - the path of the EV revolution is about to be altered forever. ![]() Prepare for a flurry of “game changer,” “holy grail,” and “This changes everything” statements. ISSN 1754-5692.Hyperbole alert: The following news will evoke all the hackneyed words and phrases that so often are used to talk about new battery technology. "A redox flow lithium battery based on the redox targeting reactions between LiFePO4 and iodide". ![]() ^ Huang, Qizhao Yang, Jing Ng, Chee Boon Jia, Chuankun Wang, Qing (2016)."Electrochemical Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials with Aqueous Flowing Dispersions". ^ Qi, Zhaoxiang Dong, Hongxu Koenig, Gary M."A carbon-free lithium-ion solid dispersion redox couple with low viscosity for redox flow batteries". "Aqueous semi-solid flow cell: demonstration and analysis". "Semi-Solid Lithium Rechargeable Flow Battery". ^ Duduta, Mihai Ho, Bryan Wood, Vanessa C.Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena. "Review Article: Flow battery systems with solid electroactive materials". This saves the pumping energy although the voltage efficiency is sacrificed. By keeping solid materials in the tanks, only the liquid electrolyte is being pumped. The solid materials are then been chemically oxidized or reduced. There are redox targeting materials dissolved in the electrolyte and electrochemical reactions occur between the dissolved species. A research group reported redox targeting flow battery. Redox Targeting Flow Battery An illustration of a typical redox targeting flow battery Īnother approach is to pump the liquid phase only, leaving the solid active materials in the energy storage tanks. In this new system, also called Solid Dispersion Flow Battery, a new reaction mechanism was discovered with electrochemical reactions occurring based on particle collisions. Another research team in University of Virginia reported a carbon-free flow battery system. Other chemistries have also been explored for this system, such as sodium-ion battery, lithium-sulfur battery, and others.Īn illustration of a typical carbon-free semi-solid flow battery, or solid dispersion flow battery System Developments Solid Dispersion Flow Battery ĭespite the significant advantage of such a system, one key limitation was the high viscosity, which makes the power consumption for pumping very high, hence decreasing the energy efficiency. An aqueous system was also demonstrated besides the organic one. By using lithium-ion battery active materials, the energy density of the flow battery system can be significantly improved. In a continuous flow mode, however, the suspensions are continuously pumped through the electrochemical reaction cell during the charge/discharge process. In an intermittent flow mode, suspensions are pumped into the electrochemical reaction cell in a batch basis and a new batch is pumped in only after the previous batch has been fully charged/discharged. Two different flow modes were explored, intermittent flow mode and continuous flow mode. This design takes advantage of both the designing flexibility of flow batteries and the high energy density active materials of lithium-ion batteries. The suspensions are pumped into the electrochemical reaction cell when charging and discharging. Active material suspensions are stored in two energy storage tanks. In such a system, both positive (cathode) and negative electrode (anode) consist of active material particles with carbon black suspended in liquid electrolyte. A research team in MIT proposed this concept using lithium-ion battery materials. A schematic illustration of a typical semi-solid flow battery design Ī semi-solid flow battery is a type of flow battery using solid battery active materials or involving solid species in the energy carrying fluid.
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